4、省略结构
在英语的行文中，大伙常常被其中的词的省略导致的麻烦所困扰。其实这种困扰主要源于大家对其英文行文表达习惯和修辞手法的不知道。一般说来，英语文中的省略需遵守两个原则：一是这个词可有可无，或者是多余的，总之就是少了它之后不会改变原文的意思，二是省略的词义已经在上下文中得到了充分的体现。这里举个简单的例子让大伙，先吃个开胃餐：
Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.这句话的中文意思是一个人旅游的人，如果饿了、受伤了或者生病了，除去近期的小木屋或居民点，常常无处求援。这个句子在if后面省略了he is，这是由于在时间，地址，条件，让步，方法状语从句中，假如从句的主语与主句的主语相同，而从句的谓语又含有be，则可把主语+be省略掉。但应该注意有一类句子和省略句有一样的地方,如:You must get out of the city, and that quickly.如此的句子并非省略句,由于后一句中有that代表了要表示的意思。
He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believe it, that the more extensive verifications are, that the more frequently experiments have been made and results of the same kind arrived at, that the more varied1 the conditions under which the same results have been attained2, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.
句子分析：在这句子由and连接的两部分构成，第一部分中although引导的其让步用途的状语从句将believes与其宾语部分分割开来，believe后面的宾语部分包含三个that引导的从句，和后面and前的部分，应该注意的是这里用了the morethe more的结构，其中第二个the more子句中，arrived at省略了have been，而第三个the more子句中包括了一个由which引导的定语从句。
句子翻译：他相信，尽管他可能不了解自己相信，验证范围越广泛，试验做得越多且得出的结果相同，而且得出同一结果的条件越是多元化，则最后的结论就越一定无疑，他再也不对这个问题提出质疑了。
What is questioned is whether a country like Britain has a chance, assuming it has the will, to succeed where so many have failed, and even assuming that it has, should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leap-frog into leadership in entirely3 new technology, or whether it should take the softer option of merely catching4 up with the rest of the industrialized world.
句子分析：这是一个主系表结构。What is questioned是主语从句。表语是两个以whether引导的从句。第一个whether从句的主干结构是a country has a chance to succeed and should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leap-frog into leadership in entirely new technology，而两个assuming引导的从句用来表示假设，除此之外where引导的状语从句是为了做一对比，并且在第二个assuming从句的it has后面省略了the chance；第二个whether从句结构比较简单不再仔细讨论。
句子翻译：目前提出的问题是，像英国如此的国家，倘若想的话，是不是大概在不少国家已经失败的方面获得成功。倘若有这种可能，英国是不是应尽最大的努力，冒最大的财政风险，一步进入全新技术的前列，或者应该采取比较稳妥地选择，只不过赶上其他工业国的节奏。
5、并列平行结构
英语常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上的同等成分，而这种结构大家称之为并列平行结构，而比较常见的连词有：and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or , not onlybut also, eitheror,与neithernor等等。一般说来连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词，两个或几个动词的宾语，两个或几个名词的定语，两个或几个介词短语等。假如并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句，就构成了一个并列句。这里举几个小的例子：
In fact, privatization has not only rescued inpidual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in every area.这句话的中文意思是：事实上，私有化不只挽救了个别企业和走向毁灭的整个经济，而且还提升了各行业的运作水平。在这个句子中，用and连接了inpidual industries和a whole economy这两个作为动词rescued的宾语，并且还用了not onlybut also连接了rescued和raised这两个动词引导的平行的谓语成分。
但应该注意的是并非每一个and简单的觉得它只有连接用途，其实它的使用方法在英语中十分丰富，它在句子中可以表示很多不一样的目的。比如：We were singing and dancing.大家又唱又跳。The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg.老妇人跌倒在街上，腿都摔断了。Fix the bicycle and Ill pay you $6.维修这辆自行车，我就付给你6USD。He finished his homework and made for the dining room.他作完家庭作业后去了饭店。The girl grows up and still knows nothing about her family.这女生长大了，对家的事还是一无所知。
除此之外其他的并列连词都各表示不一样的意义：but，yet表示对比；eitheror, neithernor表示选择；so表示结果；for表示缘由等等。
But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.
句子分析：这个句子的两个since引导的处于并列关系是什么原因状语从句，在主句中unless accompanied by other measures作为插入语表示让步分割了谓语部分。
句子翻译：但，既然贫穷与没钱人可得到的货币绝对提供量无关，而是无权利所导致的，既然用适量的货币所能购买的权力量伴随一个社会获得的产品和服务量的增加而降低，那样提升没钱人收入的解决方法在一个富裕社会非常可能不会奏效，除非同时采取其他的手段。
The time has long since arrived to recognize commercial representation as a profession per se, the successful exercise of which is positively5 correlated with careful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized6 training, the length and variety of their pertinent7 experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion8 or ministry9 at home.
句子分析：这句话的主干部分十分短小：The time has long. Since引导的状语从句部分都是为了说明驻外商务代表成为专门的业务时其有关的一些状况，在exercise of后面的which代表的是commercial representation，后面有几个用and连接的与选择好驻外商务代表有关的要考虑的东西: the level and content of their formal education and specialized training; the length and variety of their pertinent experience和the quality of support。
句子翻译：驻外商务代表的工作事实上是一种专门的业务---早就应该如此看待这个问题。要把这项工作做好，第一是要选择好驻外商务代表。要考虑他们所受的合法教育和专门培训的程度和内容，他们过去有什么和有多少有关的经验，与他们可以从国内的贸易促进机构和贸易部得到哪种支持。
相关文章推荐
